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NaOH was used as the direct desulfurizer for lead paste, and lime was used to regenerate NaOH from the mother liquid at sufficient concentrations for desulfurization.
Hence, based on the minimum specific gravity of industrial lead paste slurry, the concentration of desulfurizer required for sodium-calcium double alkali lead paste desulfurization was estimated to be at least 2.32 mol/L. 3.2. Mechanism of a novel process of lead paste pre-desulfurization
The desulfurization of lead paste by regenerated alkali was as follows: (i) desulfurization was conducted by adding waste lead paste to a beaker containing a certain volume of regenerated NaOH solution and stirred. (ii) After the desulfurization reaction was complete, filter residue and filtrate were obtained by vacuum filtration.
The new sodium-calcium double-alkali lead paste pre-desulfurization process proposed in this paper involved the direct reaction of lead paste with NaOH solution. Relatively cheap lime was reacted with the mother liquor, the sodium sulfate produced by desulfurization, to regenerate NaOH.
In summary, the Na-Ca double alkali pre-desulfurization process can successfully recover lead from spent lead paste in an environmentally sustainable manner, minimize the disposal of hazardous solid waste, and prevent the emission of harmful gases. 5. Conclusion
All lead-acid batteries suffer from sulfation. It’s just chemistry. Lead-acid batteries contain lead plates and a free-flowing solution of sulphuric acid. One of the inevitable byproducts of the plates and acid coming into contact is that lead sulfate will accumulate on the lead plates of the battery.
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